Picture Perfect or Mirror Image?　鏡中完美……純屬虛構？

2020年1月27日星期一

Picture Perfect or Mirror Image?　鏡中完美……純屬虛構？

閱讀讓生活永遠不無聊。【大田編輯病】與喜歡閱讀的朋友結好緣，一同激盪出不同靈感，做出更多好書。

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2020/01/28 第446期訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份∣直接訂閱

本期文章
•	Picture Perfect or Mirror Image?　鏡中完美……純屬虛構？
•	Words for Reference
•	Tips & Analysis
•	Practical Phrases
•	Words in Use
•	More to Learn
•	中文翻譯&標準答案

Picture Perfect◆ or Mirror Image?　　鏡中完美……純屬虛構？

by William Ryan

　　Have you ever taken a selfie◆ and then thought, “I don’t look as good as I thought?” You checked yourself out in the mirror and, happy with what you saw, snapped a photo. To your surprise, the picture is unflattering◆ and you hardly __1__ yourself. What happened?
　　Humans look better in their mirror images than in pictures. There are several reasons for this. For one, what we see in the mirror is a flipped __2__ of reality, one we have grown accustomed to over time. Scientists call this the “mere-exposure effect.” Essentially, we like it because we are so __3__ it. Another reason is that most faces possess some asymmetry◆, which is more apparent in photographs. There is also the vanity◆ factor. Most people believe they are more attractive than they are. __4__ these psychological factors, photography and posing skills, choice of clothing, and lighting all come into play. Even the camera used influences the impression we get of ourselves, though opinion is divided on how. Some say the better the camera, the better the image. Other sources claim that grainy◆ images produced by cheap pocket cameras hide facial flaws that are best left unnoticed. __5__ others suggest another possible factor is lens distortion◆. When your face is close to the camera, the lens can distort some features to make them look larger than they are.
　　The bottom line◆ is that we are each unique and meant to look different. Looking like a cookie-cutter◆ Instagram image is boring and unimaginative◆. It is better to showcase◆ your own unique beauty!
1. (A) recognize　　(B) behave　　(C) disguise　　(D) persuade
2. (A) imagination　　(B) observation　　(C) reflection　　(D) translation
3. (A) capable of　　(B) familiar with　　(C) dependent on　　(D) subject to
4. (A) Provided　　(B) Regarding　　(C) Except　　(D) Besides
5. (A) Only　　(B) Among　　(C) Even　　(D) Still

◆ picture perfect　　（外表／品質）完美的（較常見的寫法為 picture-perfect）
◆ a mirror image　　
與……完全相反／十分相似的事物；鏡像
◆ selfie n. 自拍照
◆ unflattering a. 使……顯得難看的，不敢恭維的
◆ asymmetry n. 不對稱
◆ vanity n. 虛榮（心）；自負
◆ grainy a.（照片）粗糙的，有顆粒的
◆ distortion n. 歪曲，失真，變形
distort vt. & vi.（使）變形／失真
◆ (the) bottom line　　要旨；底線
◆ cookie-cutter　　
千篇一律的，雷同的（形容詞，僅用於名詞前）
◆ unimaginative a. 無新意的
◆ showcase vt. 展現

1. To your surprise, the picture is unflattering and you hardly recognize yourself.
理由
a. (A) recognize vt. 認出，辨識出
• The cashier did not see the robber’s face, but she could recognize his voice.
收銀員沒看到搶匪的臉，但是她認得他的聲音。
(B) behave vi. 表現
• The little boy behaved as if he were a grown man.
那個小男孩表現得彷若一名成年男子。
(C) disguise vt. & n. 假扮，偽裝
• The officer disguised himself as a bum so he wouldn’t be noticed.
那名警官喬裝成遊民以不被注意。
＊bum n. 遊民，流浪漢
(D) persuade vt. 說服
• Becky persuaded her parents to get her a puppy.
貝琪說服她父母送她一隻小狗。
b. 根據語意，令你驚訝的是，你自拍的那張照片很難看，而且你幾乎「認」不「出」你自己，故 (A) 項應為正選。

2. For one, what we see in the mirror is a flipped reflection of reality, one we have grown accustomed to over time.
理由
a. (A) imagination n. 想像力
• According to the advertisement, this job requires a strong imagination.
根據廣告，這份工作需要豐富的想像力。
(B) observation n. 觀察，觀測
• The doctor advised Connie to stay in the hospital for further observation.
醫生建議康妮留院做進一步的觀察。
(C) reflection n. 倒影；反射
• As Sammie walked past a car, she caught a glimpse of her reflection in its window.
珊米經過一輛車時，從車窗中瞥見自己的倒影。
(D) translation n. 翻譯
• The translation of the book took Ron about a year.
翻譯這本書花了朗恩將近一年的時間。
b. 根據語意，第一，我們在鏡中看見的是與現實中左右相反的「倒影」，這個倒影隨著時間已經逐漸成為我們習慣看到的樣子，故 (C) 項應為正選。

3. Essentially, we like it because we are so familiar with it.
理由
a. (A) be capable of N/V-ing　　
有能力（做）……
• Benjamin is capable of playing multiple musical instruments.
班傑明會彈奏多種樂器。
(B) be familiar with...　　熟悉……
• Being a big fan of Ang Lee, Gina is very familiar with all of his works.
作為李安的超級粉絲，吉娜對他所有的作品都非常熟悉。
(C) be dependent on...　　依賴／取決於……
• Young children are dependent on parents for many things.
小孩在許多事情上都依賴父母。
• Whether I can go on vacation or not is dependent on my year-end bonus.
我能否去度假要視我的年終獎金而定。
(D) be subject to...　　
易受……影響的；可能會……
• Samantha has been subject to migraines since her early teens.
莎曼珊從十幾歲開始就容易偏頭痛。
＊migraine n. 偏頭痛
• Flights are subject to delays due to the weather.
因為天氣的關係，各班機有可能會延誤。
b. 根據語意，基本上，我們會因為對自己的倒影感到「熟悉」而喜歡它，故 (B) 項應為正選。

4. Besides these psychological factors, photography and posing skills, choice of clothing, and lighting all come into play.
理由
a. (A) provided conj. 只要，如果……的話
• We will go camping tomorrow, provided you finish your homework today.
只要你今天把功課做完，我們明天就去露營。
(B) regarding prep. 關於
• The ultimate decision regarding whom to hire will be made by the boss.
僱用的人選將由老闆做最後決定。
(C) except prep. ……除外
• Nobody except Peter enjoyed that horror movie.
除了彼得之外，沒人喜歡那部恐怖片。
(D) besides prep. 除了……之外（還……）
besides N/V-ing　　除了……之外
= in addition to N/V-ing
• Besides math, Lucy is good at art.
露西除了數學以外也精通藝術。
b. 空格前為單純曝光效應的各項心理因素，而空格後又舉出其他實際因素使照片中的自己較難看，可知本句為承接上句的補充說明，故 (D) 項應為正選。

5. Some say... Other sources claim... Still others suggest another possible factor is lens distortion.
理由
a. 本題測試下列固定用法：
some (+ 複數名詞)... others / other + 複數名詞... still others / still other + 複數名詞...　　一些……另一些……還有一些……（用於非限定的三個群體）
• For some, online shopping is a way to release stress. For others, it can save time and energy. For still others, it is nothing but a waste of money.
對有些人來說，網路購物是釋放壓力的一種方式。另一些人則可以藉此省時省力。還有人認為這只是浪費錢罷了。
• People say goodbye in different ways. Some travelers may not even need you with them on the way to the airport. Others may just say goodbye at the door before getting into the terminal. Still other travelers may want you to go in with them.
每個人道別的方式各有不同。有些旅行者可能甚至不需要你陪他們到機場。有些人可能只在走進航廈前在門口說再見。還有些人會要你陪他們一起進去。
b. 根據上述用法，可知 (D) 項應為正選。

1. (much) to sb’s surprise　　
令某人（大為）驚訝的是
• To the publisher’s surprise, the book sold like hot cakes.
令出版商吃驚的是，那本書極為暢銷。
＊sell like hot cakes　　極為暢銷，熱賣

2. grow / get / become accustomed to N/V-ing　　（逐漸）適應……
accustomed a. 習慣的
• It isn’t easy for a foreigner to get accustomed to the local lifestyle.
對外國人而言，要適應本地的生活方式並不容易。

3. over time　　（隨著時間）漸漸地／慢慢地
• Over time, those little tadpoles turned into frogs.
漸漸地，那些蝌蚪變成了青蛙。
＊tadpole n. 蝌蚪

4. come into play　　有影響，起作用；開始生效
• Renee tries not to let her personal feelings come into play when making decisions.
芮妮試著不讓個人情感影響她的決定。
• The new policy is scheduled to come into play by the end of this year.
新政策預計將於今年年底前開始生效。

1. snap vt. & vi. 拍攝（照片）
• While in Australia, Tina asked her brother to snap a picture of her holding a koala.
蒂娜在澳洲時請她弟弟幫她拍一張抱著無尾熊的照片。

2. flip vt. & vi.
（使）翻轉（本文為過去分詞作形容詞用）
flip over　　翻轉
• The roach flipped over on its back soon after Ted poured soapy water on it.
泰德往蟑螂身上倒了肥皂水後，牠很快就翻過身四腳朝天了。

3. mere a. 僅僅，只不過
• Visual aids are often more useful for learning than mere lectures.
視覺輔助器材在學習上常常比單純講課還要有用。

4. exposure n. 暴露；接觸
• The wooden columns are severely decayed as a result of exposure to the elements.
由於受到風吹雨淋的關係，這些木柱已經嚴重腐朽了。
＊the elements　　（尤指惡劣的）天候狀況

5. essentially adv. 基本上；本質上
• We are essentially concerned with ending the conflict, not with discovering who started it.
基本上，我們關心的是化解這場衝突，而不是探究是誰先引起的。

6. possess vt. 具有／擁有（某特質或能力等）
• Megan possesses a good sense of humor, and all of her friends enjoy her company.
梅根很有幽默感，她的所有朋友都喜歡有她作伴。

7. apparent a. 顯而易見的；明白的
• It was becoming increasingly apparent to James that Erin didn’t like him.
詹姆士愈來愈明顯感受到艾琳不喜歡他。

8. psychological a. 心理／精神的
• A neglected child may grow up with psychological problems.
被忽略的孩子長大後可能會有心理上的問題。

9. photography n. 攝影
• Flash photography is not allowed in the museum.
博物館內禁止使用閃光燈攝影。

10. impression n. 印象，感想
• Walter made a positive impression on his girlfriend’s parents with his good manners.
華特的禮貌讓女友的父母對他留下了好印象。

11. facial a. 臉部的
• Sally applies facial moisturizer daily to keep her skin smooth.
莎莉每天使用臉部保濕霜來保持肌膚滑嫩。

12. unnoticed a. 不被注意的
• Jimmy’s absence went unnoticed until the end of the meeting.
吉米的缺席直到會議結束前都沒有被注意到。

flaw n. 瑕疵，缺陷
• The jewel is cheaper than the other gems because it has some flaws in it.
這顆珠寶比其他寶石便宜，因為它有一些瑕疵。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下介紹其他表「瑕疵，缺陷；故障」的名詞：
a. fault n. 故障；毛病
• The technicians are still working to fix the fault in our network.
技術人員仍在設法解決我們網路故障的問題。
b. defect n. 缺點，缺陷，毛病
• It is necessary to check your products for defects before shipment.
在運送產品前，你必須先檢查它們是否有瑕疵。
c. weakness n.
（計畫、體系或論點等的）不足／缺點
• A number of scientists have pointed out the weakness in this new theory.
已有多名科學家指出這個新理論的漏洞。
d. bug n.（電腦程式或機器的）故障／毛病
• Lynn systematically located and corrected each bug in the program.
琳恩有條理地找出並更正了這個程式中的各個故障。
e. glitch n. 小故障，小差錯
• Rudy visited the electronic store to resolve a glitch in his earphones.
魯迪到電子商店去解決他耳機的一個小故障。

鏡中完美……純屬虛構？
　　

　　你是否曾在拍下一張自拍照後心想「我沒有自認為的那麼好看」呢？你查看鏡中的自己，對於眼前所見感到滿意，接著拍下一張照片。令你驚訝的是，那張照片很難看，而且你幾乎認不出你自己。這到底是怎麼回事？
　　人類在鏡中的影像都會比照片中好看。這有幾個原因。第一，我們在鏡中看見的是與現實中左右相反的倒影，這個倒影隨著時間已經逐漸成為我們習慣看到的樣子。科學家將此稱為「單純曝光效應」（編按：又稱「重複曝光效應」，指人們會單純因為自己熟悉某個事物而對其產生好感）。基本上，我們會因為對它感到熟悉而喜歡它。另一個原因是大多數人的臉都有些不對稱，而這在照片中會更加明顯。虛榮心也是一個原因。多數人確信自己比實際上更好看。除了這些心理因素之外，拍攝及擺姿勢的技巧、衣著的選擇、以及光線全都有影響。甚至拍照使用的相機也會影響我們對自己的觀感，雖然人們對於如何影響各持不同意見。有人說相機愈好、拍出的影像就愈好。還有別的說法主張便宜的袖珍型相機拍攝出的粗糙畫質能遮去我們臉上最好能不被注意到的瑕疵。更有其他人提出鏡頭扭曲為另一項可能因素。當你的臉靠近相機時，鏡頭可能會扭曲你的五官，讓它們看起來比實際上更大。
　　最重要的是，我們每個人都是獨一無二，而且本來就是要長得不一樣。長得像千篇一律的 Instagram 照片人物是件無聊又沒創意的事。展現出自己獨特的美才是更好的！
答案：1. A　2. C　3. B　4. D　5. D

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