Insects You Love to Hate 令你反感的小傢伙

2013年4月2日星期二

Insects You Love to Hate 令你反感的小傢伙

		每週四出刊.2013.04.04
	常春藤解析英語

本期目錄

簡介/舊報明細

•本期簡介
•Insects You Love to Hate 令你反感的小傢伙
•原來如此
•精解字詞片語
•單字小舖

中天記者直擊大發現！
1+1服飾日本賣多少! 台幣就賣多少!

•片語小舖
•中文翻譯＆標準答案
•文法一點靈
•優惠活動

本期簡介

第297期
2013.3.12出刊

克漏字

Insects You Love to Hate 令你反感的小傢伙

by Brian Foden
Experts believe mosquitoes are possibly the deadliest creatures on Earth.
　　It may be hard to believe that some experts consider tiny mosquitoes to be the most dangerous creatures in the world. However, categorizing these insects _(1)_ dangerous animals makes good sense, considering the fact that mosquito-borne illnesses kill millions of people each year. The list of deadly diseases includes malaria, encephalitis, West Nile virus, yellow fever, and dengue fever. In addition to infecting humans with life-threatening illnesses, mosquitoes also _(2)_ diseases to animals through parasites and viruses.
　　_(3)_ only a few of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes are capable of passing on diseases, the blood-sucking nature of these pests makes them universally hated. Tens of millions of years of evolution have turned mosquitoes into adept hunters with a _(4)_ sense of survival. One way that mosquitoes have evolved to track down potential meals of blood is through sensing carbon dioxide and lactic acid, which are substances emitted by mammals and birds, from a range of up to 36 meters. These insects can also detect heat and use visual _(5)_ to find hosts to feed on. _(6)_ visible clues, mosquitoes are drawn to movement and people wearing clothing that is in contrast to their surroundings.
　　For those wondering why some mosquitoes risk _(7)_ blood from hosts who would gladly kill them, the reason is that the protein found in blood acts as nourishment for producing eggs. In fact, only female mosquitoes suck blood. Males seek out nectar and other sugars to consume.

1. (A) for　　(B) to　　(C) as　　(D) in
2. (A) transmit　　(B) recruit　　(C) surpass　　(D) intervene
3. (A) When　　(B) While　　(C) Unless　　(D) Until
4. (A) profitable　　(B) parallel　　(C) logical　　(D) keen
5. (A) restraints　　(B) sensations　　(C) thresholds　　(D) sanctions
6. (A) On the verge of　　(B) In terms of　　(C) In place of　　(D) For fear of
7. (A) to be drunk　　(B) drink　　(C) drinking　　(D) to drink

原來如此

1. However, categorizing these insects as dangerous animals makes good sense,...
理由:
a. 本空格測試以下固定用法：
categorize A as B　　將 A 歸類為 B
The author's latest work cannot be categorized as a novel because it's too short.
這位作者最新的作品不能被歸類為小說，因為文章太短了。
b. categorize 亦有下列用法：
categorize A into B and C
將 A 歸類為 B 和 C
The participants in this study are categorized into adults and teenagers.
這項研究的參與者被區分為成人組和青少年組。
c. 根據上述用法，(C) 項應為正選。

2. ...mosquitoes also transmit diseases to animals through parasites and viruses.
理由:
a. (A) transmit vt. 傳送；傳染
= spread
The doctor unknowingly transmitted the disease to his patient.
那位醫生不知不覺將疾病傳染給他的病人。
(B) recruit vt. & vi. 招募（新兵）
My brother was recruited into the army soon after he graduated.
我弟弟畢業後沒多久就被徵召入伍了。
(C) surpass vt. 超越，優於
My performance on the finals surpassed all of the other students'.
我在期末考的表現比其他學生好。
(D) intervene vi. 干涉，干預
（與介詞 in 並用）
You'd better not intervene in their dispute.
你最好不要介入她們的爭端。
b. 根據題意，(A) 項應為正選。

3. While only a few of the 3,500 species of mosquitoes are capable of passing on diseases,...
理由:
a. 此處 while 等於 though，代表『雖然』的意思。
While recycling has helped, the government feels that more needs to be done.
雖然資源回收頗有成效，但政府覺得仍有許多尚待努力之處。
b. while 亦可作為『當……』。
While exploring the foreign city, John got disoriented and lost.
在國外的城市探險時，約翰迷失了方向而迷路了。
c. 其他選項語意皆不合，故 (B) 項應為正選。

4. Tens of millions of years of evolution have turned mosquitoes into adept hunters with a keen sense of survival.
理由:
a. (A) profitable a. 有利可圖的
Fishing has become a profitable industry lately.
捕魚近來成了一項賺錢的行業。
(B) parallel a. 平行的
be / run parallel to sth　　與某物平行
The road and the canal run parallel to each other for about two miles.
這條道路和運河彼此平行約 2 英里。
(C) logical a. 合乎邏輯的
Math is logical and not abstract like art.
數學是合乎邏輯的，不像藝術一樣抽象。
(D) keen a. 渴望的；敏銳的
be keen on N/V-ing　　渴望要……
Sandy is keen on studying abroad in the UK.
珊蒂渴望能到英國讀書深造。
Marcy has a keen eye for fashion.
瑪西很有時尚概念。
b. 根據題意，(D) 項應為正選。

5. These insects can also detect heat and use visual sensations to find hosts to feed on.
理由:
a. (A) restraint n. 克制
restrain vt. 抑制
restrain sb from...　　限制某人（做）……
The government should introduce some new policies to restrain inflation.
政府應該制定一些新政策以抑制通貨膨脹。
John had to restrain himself from commenting on the political debate.
約翰必須抑制自己對政治辯論下評論的衝動。
(B) sensation n. 感覺；轟動
Jill seemed to have lost all sensation in her arms after the operation.
吉兒的兩條手臂在手術後好像完全失去知覺了。
The new singer caused a sensation with the release of her debut album.
那位剛出道歌手的首張專輯一發行便造成轟動。
(C) threshold n. 門檻
at the threshold of...　　在……的開始
The group of young men are at the threshold of their future.
這群年輕人正要大展宏圖。
(D) sanction n. 制裁（常用複數）
Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement.
凡拒簽該協議的國家均受到貿易制裁。
b. 根據題意，(B) 項應為正選。

6. In terms of visible clues, mosquitoes are drawn to movement and people wearing clothing that is in contrast to their surroundings.
理由:
a. (A) on the verge of...　　在……的邊緣
The company is on the verge of bankruptcy.
該公司瀕臨破產的邊緣。
(B) in terms of...　　就……而言
In terms of service, that restaurant is excellent.
就服務而言，那家餐廳相當不錯。
(C) in place of...　　取代……
Nylon is widely used in place of cotton nowadays.
現今尼龍已被廣泛地用來取代棉花。
(D) for fear of...　　唯恐／以免……
Susan only eats low-fat foods for fear of putting on weight.
蘇珊只吃低脂食品，以免發胖。
b. 根據語意，(B) 項應為正選。

7. For those wondering why some mosquitoes risk drinking blood from hosts...
理由:
a. risk（冒險）作動詞時，其後通常加名詞或動名詞作受詞。
Lucy didn't want to risk losing her life savings by investing in the company.
露西不想冒險把畢生積蓄都拿來投資那家公司。
b. 根據上述，(C) 項應為正選。

精解字詞片語

1. infect vt. 使感染（常用被動語態）
Jim missed six months of school last year when he was infected with the rare disease.
吉姆去年染上這罕見疾病而休學 6 個月。

2. be capable of N/V-ing　　能夠……
I doubt if Tommy is capable of completing the mission all by himself.
我懷疑湯米是否能獨自完成這項任務。

3. pass sth on (to sb)　　將某物傳給某人
Pass the book on to me when you've finished reading it.
當你讀完這本書後，把它傳給我。

4. evolution n. 演化
It took years for the Theory of Evolution to gain mass acceptance.
進化論過了很多年才獲得大眾接受。

5. adept a. 熟練的（常與介詞 at 並用）
My mother is adept at bargaining with vendors at the night market.
我媽媽很會跟夜市攤販殺價。

6. track down...　　追蹤……
The police worked hard to track down the sniper.
警方努力追查那名狙擊手的下落。

7. emit vt. 發出；排放
Cell phones emit radiation that may cause cancer.
行動電話發出的輻射可能會致癌。

8. feed on...　　（尤指動物）以……為食
Frogs feed on small insects like flies and mosquitoes.
青蛙以像是蒼蠅和蚊子等小昆蟲為食。

9. in contrast to...　　與……成對比
The puppy appears small in contrast to its mother.
這隻小狗和母狗比起來模樣小多了。

10. nourishment n. 營養
Breast milk can provide all the basic nourishment a baby needs.
母乳可提供所有嬰兒所需的基本營養。

11. seek out...　　找出……
If the storm doesn't stop, we will have to seek out a place to stay for the night.
如果暴風雨不停，我們今晚就得找個地方過夜。

單字小舖

1. deadly a. 致命的
2. expert n. 專家
3. borne a. 由……傳播的
4. malaria n. 瘧疾
5. encephalitis n. 腦炎
6. West Nile virus　　西尼羅病毒
7. yellow fever　　黃熱病
8. dengue fever　　登革熱
9. life-threatening a. 危及生命的
10. parasite n. 寄生蟲
11. blood-sucking a. 吸血的
12. nature n. 天性
13. pest n. 害蟲
14. universally adv. 普遍地
15. lactic acid　　乳酸
16. mammal n. 哺乳動物
17. detect vt. 探測
18. host n.（寄生動物的）宿主
19. visible a. 顯而易見的
20. surroundings n. 周圍環境
（恆用複數）
21. nectar n. 花蜜

片語小舖

1. make sense　　合理
2. up to + 數字　　多達……
3. be drawn to...　　被……吸引
4. act as...　　作為……

中文翻譯＆標準答案

令你反感的小傢伙
專家認為蚊子可能是地球上最致命的生物。
　　一些專家將小蚊子視為世界上最危險的生物，這可能對你來說難以置信。然而，有鑒於蚊子帶原傳播的疾病每年讓數百萬人喪命的此一事實，將這些昆蟲分類為危險動物是很合理的。致命疾病的名單包括瘧疾、腦炎、西尼羅病毒、黃熱病以及登革熱。除了使人類感染到危及生命的疾病之外，蚊子還會透過寄生蟲和病毒傳播疾病給動物。
　　雖然 3 千 5 百種蚊子當中只有一些能傳遞疾病，但這些害蟲的嗜血本性仍讓牠們普遍受到厭惡。數千萬年的演化已經把蚊子轉變為很有生存感的獵人。蚊子進化成可追蹤潛在血液食物的一種方法，即是憑藉著感測二氧化碳和乳酸，這些物質會從哺乳動物和鳥類排放出來，感測範圍廣達 36 公尺。這些昆蟲還可以探測到熱度並利用視覺找到宿主以求溫飽。以顯見的線索來看，蚊子會受到動作以及穿著服裝與周圍環境成對比的人所吸引。
　　對於那些想知道為何有些蚊子要冒著生命危險吸取宿主的血，而宿主卻會很樂意打死蚊子的人來說，蚊子吸血的理由就是存在於血液中的蛋白質可作為滋養以助產卵。事實上，只有雌蚊會吸血。雄蚊則是找尋花蜜和其他糖類以供食用。

答案：1.(C)　2.(A)　3.(B)　4.(D)　5.(B) 6.(B)　7.(C)

文法一點靈

.., considering the fact that mosquito-borne illnesses kill millions of people each year.
注意
considering prep. 考慮到……，鑒於……
英文中有少數現在分詞可作介詞用，considering 於本句中恰好為此例，其後可直接接名詞當受詞，但不可直接接 that 子句作受詞，須先在其後加 the fact 作其受詞，然後再接 that 子句，此 that 子句乃其前 the fact 的同位語。
The two businessmen were reluctant to meet in person, considering the comments that were made.
考慮到之前所發表的意見，這兩位商人均不願與彼此碰面。
Considering the fact that you revealed company secrets, we have no choice but to fire you.
鑒於你洩漏公司機密，我們不得不開除你。

優惠活動

▼　【2013春季英語學習展!Good Morning！每天都要IVY英文！！三本以上75折！滿千現折百！】

﹥ 全館三本以上７５折！滿千現折百！！！
﹥ 指定兒童書籍及西洋老歌系列限時回饋７折起！！
﹥ 單筆消費滿 $1000元，就送「韓國超現訂天窗日記本」！！！
﹥ 單筆消費滿 $2000元，送「700ML運動水壺」！！！
﹥ 單筆消費滿 $3000元，送「LED炫光留言板鬧鐘」！！！

▼ 【高效能閱讀1+1=100超值套組！】

▼ ▼ 【常春藤典藏英語雜誌限時特賣！一本10元！】
2012年全年份雜誌現在只要 399元！好評如潮！敬請把握！

▼ 【跟著常春藤的腳步，向英語之路邁進！訂閱就送大同
電鍋、國際牌音波電動牙刷！還有套書五選一喲！！】

前期文章

全部歷史文章

出刊日期	出刊主題

2013-03-28	Breath of Life 活力呼吸

2012-11-29	Leisure Sickness 休閒病

2012-11-22	Happy Veterans Day 退伍軍...

2012-11-15	Extreme Weather 極端氣候