2023年7月13日 星期四

Robbed of Joy, Ukraine’s Teens Laugh to Keep From Weeping 烏克蘭青少年笑看戰爭苦難


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2023/07/14 第441期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Robbed of Joy, Ukraine's Teens Laugh to Keep From Weeping 烏克蘭青少年笑看戰爭苦難
No Degree? No Problem. Biden Tries to Bridge the 'Diploma Divide.' 拜登承諾 沒上大學也能找到好工作
紐時周報精選
 
Robbed of Joy, Ukraine's Teens Laugh to Keep From Weeping 烏克蘭青少年笑看戰爭苦難
文/Andrew E. Kramer
譯/高詣軒

烏克蘭青少年笑看戰爭苦難

The yawning crater, carved by a Russian missile strike and flooded with water, cut a jagged path through the middle of a city street. The small clique of teenagers passing by found it funny.

一枚俄國飛彈炸出的大窟窿被水淹沒,在城市的街道中央截開一道鋸齒狀小徑。路過的一小群青少年認為這很有趣。

"Look, it's our local pond," said Denys, 15. "We could dive in for a swim."

「你們看,這是我們在地的池塘」,15歲的丹尼斯表示,「我們可以跳下去游個泳」。

In their baggy sweatshirts, backpacks looped over one shoulder, youths walk the streets of Sloviansk, a front-line town in eastern Ukraine, for lack of anything else to do on a spring afternoon.

在烏克蘭東部的前線城鎮斯拉夫揚斯克,青少年們身穿鬆垮的運動衫、單肩背著後背包在街上漫步,因為他們在這個春日下午沒別的事可做。

They slip past soldiers in full combat gear, carrying rifles and headed to the trenches about 20 miles away, and watch military trucks rumble past, kicking up clouds of dust. They are living their teenage years in a holding pattern because of the war that rages around them — without prom, graduation ceremonies, movie theaters, parties or sports.

他們快步走過全副武裝、帶著步槍前往大約20英里外戰壕的軍人,看著軍用卡車隆隆駛過,揚起漫天塵土。他們的青春歲月因為周遭的烽火而停滯定格,沒有畢業舞會、畢業典禮、電影院、派對或體育活動。

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has caused tremendous direct damage, killing tens of thousands of people and forcing millions of Ukrainians from their homes. But the war has also claimed another casualty: the normal experiences of teenagers like those in Sloviansk who live near combat zones, hanging out in ravaged cities where rockets fly in regularly.

俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭造成巨大的直接損害,奪走數萬人性命,迫使數百萬烏克蘭人離開家園。這場戰事也造成另一個傷害:住在斯拉夫揚斯克這類戰區附近青少年的正常經驗。他們在飽受摧殘的城市裡消磨時間,火箭彈經常飛過。

"I wish I had an ordinary life," said a 16-year-old named Mykyta.

「我希望我有正常的生活」,16歲的米凱塔說。

His days, he said, have boiled down to walks with friends and playing video games in his room. "We studied this whole city, we know every corner," Mykyta said. "It's not so fun anymore."

他表示,他成天要不是和朋友一起散步,就是在房間裡玩電動遊戲。「我們把整座城市都研究過一番,每個角落都很熟了」,米凱塔,「如今已索然無味」。

During a meandering walk around town on a recent afternoon, a half-dozen teenagers said they mostly handled the hardships of war, and the terror of Russian attacks, with humor — making fun of everything around them, including one another. They are identified only by their first names because of their ages.

近日某個下午,6名青少年在城裡漫步時說,他們大多以幽默來應對戰爭的艱苦與俄軍攻勢的恐怖,將周遭一切化為玩笑來取樂,包括他們彼此。由於年齡之故,報導中僅以名字而非連名帶姓稱呼他們。

Sloviansk, a small city on a crossroads that was briefly occupied by Russian proxy forces in 2014, was again afflicted by war after the full-scale invasion last year. Front lines drew close, and artillery strikes began to pound the city. It is seen as a likely next target if Russia captures Bakhmut, its neighbor to the east.

斯拉夫揚斯克是坐落在關鍵位置的小城,2014年曾短暫遭到俄國代理人部隊占領,去年俄軍全面入侵後又再次陷入戰火。前線逼近,砲火開始襲擊城市。如果俄軍拿下鄰近其東邊的巴赫姆特,此城被視為是下一個可能的目標。

And yet many teenagers remain despite the danger, their parents held to the city by jobs or a reluctance to abandon their homes and live as refugees. The youths' last day in a school classroom was Feb. 23, 2022, the day before Russia invaded. Authorities canceled all organized activities for young people, lest a rocket hit a gathering.

但即使危險四伏,許多青少年還是待在這裡;他們的父母因工作而需留在該城,或者不願棄守家園過難民生活。這些年輕人最後一次在學校教室上課的日子是2022年2月23日,俄羅斯入侵的前一天。當局取消了所有為年輕人籌辦的活動,以防火箭彈襲擊聚會。

 

 
No Degree? No Problem. Biden Tries to Bridge the 'Diploma Divide.' 拜登承諾 沒上大學也能找到好工作
文/Zolan Kanno-Youngs
譯/高詣軒

拜登承諾 沒上大學也能找到好工作

When President Joe Biden told a crowd of union workers this year that every American should have a path to a good career — "whether they go to college or not" — Tyler Wissman was listening.

當美國總統拜登今年告訴一群工會勞工,每個美國人都應該擁有很好的職涯道路,「無論是否念過大學」,泰勒.威斯曼正在聆聽。

A father of one with a high school education, Wissman said he rarely heard politicians say that people should be able to get ahead without a college degree.

威斯曼是一名孩子的父親,學歷為高中,他表示過去鮮少聽聞有政治人物說,即使沒有大學學歷的人仍應該能夠出人頭地。

"In my 31 years, it was always, 'You gotta go to college if you want a job,'" said Wissman, who is training as an apprentice at the Finishing Trades Institute in Philadelphia, where the president spoke in March.

威斯曼說,「在我31年的人生中,聽到的總是:『你想找到工作,就要上大學』」。威斯曼正在費城的「修飾加工產業學院」以學徒身分接受培訓,拜登三月就是在這裡發表大學學歷不應是求職障礙的演說。

As Biden campaigns for reelection, he is trying to bridge an educational divide that is reshaping the American political landscape. Even though both political parties portray education as crucial for advancement and opportunity, college-educated voters are now more likely to identify as Democrats, while those without college degrees are more likely to support Republicans.

拜登展開連任選戰之際,他正在試圖彌合重塑美國政治版圖的教育鴻溝。即使兩大黨都將教育描述為發展與機會的重要關鍵,但如今大學學歷選民較可能認同民主黨,而未具大學學歷的選民則較可能支持共和黨。

That increasingly clear split has enormous implications for Biden as he tries to expand the coalition of voters that sent him to the White House in the first place. In 2020, Biden won 61% of college graduates, but only 45% of voters without a four-year college degree — and just 33% of white voters without a four-year degree.

拜登正力圖擴大當年將他送進白宮的選民結構,這項日益顯著的分歧對他有巨大潛在影響。2020年,拜登贏得61%大學畢業生的選票,但僅取得45%未具四年制大學學歷的選民支持;而未具四年制大學學歷的白人選民,僅33%票投拜登。

"The Democratic Party has become a cosmopolitan, college-educated party even though it's a party that considers itself a party of working people," said David Axelrod, a top adviser to former President Barack Obama.

「民主黨即使自認為是工人階級的政黨,卻已成為了都會、大學學歷選民的政黨」,美國前總統歐巴馬的高階顧問艾克塞羅德表示。

Axelrod added that the perception that Wall Street had been bailed out during the 2008 recession while the middle class was left to struggle deepened the fissure between Democrats and blue-collar workers who did not attend college.

艾克塞羅德補充說,人們認為2008年經濟衰退期間,華爾街獲得紓困,中產階級卻被放任自生自滅,這加深了未就讀大學的藍領工人與民主黨之間的裂痕。

The election of Donald Trump, who harnessed many of those grievances for political gain, solidified the trend.

川普利用這些民怨取得政治優勢,他的當選強化這股潮流。

Now, in speeches around the country, Biden rarely speaks about his signature piece of legislation, a $1 trillion infrastructure bill, without also emphasizing that it will lead to trade apprenticeships and, ultimately, union jobs.

如今拜登在全國各地的演說中,只要談到他的招牌立法成績一兆美元基礎建設法,都少不了強調該法將造就產業學徒機會,最終將創造工會勞工職缺。

The White House says apprenticeship programs, which typically combine some classroom learning with paid on-the-job experience, are crucial to overcoming a tight labor market and ensuring that there is a sufficient workforce to turn the president's sprawling spending plan into roads, bridges and electric vehicle chargers.

白宮表示,學徒計畫通常會結合一些課堂學習以及有給薪的實務工作經驗,對於紓解緊繃的勞動市場相當重要,並確保有足夠勞動力將總統包山包海的支出計畫具體轉化為道路、橋梁及電動車充電站。

 

 
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