New York Seeks to Make Parks More Inviting Spaces/推倒高圍籬 紐約公園大解放

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2016/07/08 第130期 訂閱/退訂∣看歷史報份

紐時周報精選 New York Seeks to Make Parks More Inviting Spaces/推倒高圍籬 紐約公園大解放 Attacks in Kabul Keep Wall Builders Busy, Turning City Into Labyrinth/防爆牆遍地開花 喀布爾變迷宮

New York Seeks to Make Parks More Inviting Spaces/推倒高圍籬 紐約公園大解放 Rick Rojas and Noah Remnick 田思怡譯 For years, chain-link fences a dozen feet high have been a fixture of some of New York's parks, a reflection of a time when the city was a more dangerous place, erected to protect the children playing inside. But now, those fences have become barriers, city officials say, dividing a park from its neighbors, and so at some parks the high fences will be knocked down. 多年來，十幾英尺高的鐵網圍籬是一些紐約公園的固定裝置，反映出紐約市曾是個比較危險的地方，須豎圍籬來保護在公園裡遊玩的孩童。 但現在，市政府官員說，這些圍籬已成為障礙，把公園與附近的居民隔開，因此，將拆掉一些公園的高圍籬。 On Tuesday, the city announced that eight parks will undergo ambitious face-lifts that are about more than just rehabilitation — it is a plan that represents an evolution, officials said, in New York's approach to parks by making these public spaces blend better and be more welcoming to their neighborhoods. Mitchell J. Silver, the city's parks commissioner, said that besides lowering or removing fences, the plan also involved installing new benches, greenery and distinctive walkways, as well as treating the sidewalks that border parks as part of the parks themselves. 市政府5月24日宣布，8座公園將進行極具企圖心的大翻修，不只是整修而已─官員說，這是一個代表紐約對待公園態度演進的計畫，要讓這些公共空間與附近地區更融為一體，更親民。 市政府公園管理處長米契爾．席佛說，除了把圍籬降低或拆除外，這項計畫還要設置新的長椅，加強綠化，闢建具特色的步道，並把公園旁邊的人行道當成公園的一部分。 While the high fences were once seen as a deterrent, Silver said that creating more sight lines along the edges of parks and breathing new life into deserted patches would make them safer. As part of a citywide plan, $40 million will be spent on the eight parks. The parks were chosen in a nomination process that included commentary from neighborhood residents. Silver said about 690 of New York's more than 1,700 parks were recommended for an overhaul. 席佛說，雖然高圍籬曾被視為嚇阻力量，沿著公園邊緣創造更開闊的視線，並為廢棄的小區塊注入新生命，將使公園更安全。 這是一項全市計畫的一部分，將有4000萬美元用於8座公園。這些公園通過一項提名程序而中選，過程中納入附近居民的意見。席佛說，紐約市1700多座公園中約有690座上了應該整修的推薦名單。 "That's proof positive of how excited New Yorkers are to increase accessibility and openness in their favorite parks," he said in a statement. A park's accessibility to neighborhoods was also a consideration. Overall, city officials have set a long-term goal of having 85 percent of New Yorkers living within walking distance of a park. 他在聲明中說：「這證明，紐約人對於讓他們最喜愛的公園更便於出入也更開放這件事，感到十分興奮。」 公園的近便性也納入考量。整體而言，市府官員已設定長期目標，要讓85%的紐約人住家附近有走路便可到達的公園。 In the Parkchester neighborhood in the Bronx, Hugh Grant Circle is not just uninviting, it is also largely off-limits, blocked by a gate that is often locked, said Nilka Martell, a community activist who pressed for the circle to be selected for the city program, called Parks Without Borders. But as she sees it, the park has potential to be a neighborhood hub, used for art installations and community programs and as a complement to a farmer's market held nearby. 在布朗克斯區的帕克契斯特住宅區，葛蘭特公園（譯注：以紐約前市長Hugh Grant命名）不只不吸引人，而且大體而言不得進入，被一扇經常鎖著的門擋住，推動這座公園入選市政府「無邊界公園」計畫的社區活躍人士妮爾卡．馬泰爾這麼說。 不過，她認為這座公園有潛力成為附近居民的活動中心，供裝置藝術和社區活動計畫使用，並支援附近的一個農夫市集。 Attacks in Kabul Keep Wall Builders Busy, Turning City Into Labyrinth/防爆牆遍地開花 喀布爾變迷宮 MUJIB MASHAL 陳韋廷譯 After bombings in Kabul these days, new concrete blast walls go up, taller than the ones before. Streets leading to VIP homes are blocked to traffic. To drive in certain neighborhoods is to delve into a frustrating game of maze navigation, with surprise barricades popping up overnight. In a grim reflection of life in the Afghan capital, the small blast-wall factories lined up on the city's outskirts are among the few businesses that have managed to stay basically viable despite the reeling economy. Mixers churn out concrete, and laborers cast it in wooden molds. Trucks ferry the T-shaped walls to spots around the city, one of the most barricaded in the world. 這段時日喀布爾每當發生爆炸案之後，便會有新的混凝土防爆牆豎起，而且比先前的更高。通往大人物宅邸的街道遭到封鎖，不得通行。在某些街區開車有如陷入一場令人沮喪的闖迷宮遊戲，意想不到的路障在一夜之間就全冒了出來。 林立於市郊的小型防爆牆工廠，是在經濟疲敝之下大抵還能存活的少數行業之一，這也反映出阿富汗首都生活的嚴酷。攪拌機吐出混凝土，工人把它倒入木製模具，之後卡車再將這些T型牆運送到這個全球路障最多的城市的各個地點。 "It is our sad reality: After a suicide bombing, we get more work," said Noor ul Haq, who has been managing one such small business for six years. After a huge truck bombing near an elite Afghan security agency last month, Haq had 15 potential customers visit in one week. The attack was so large that it shattered windows across wide stretches of the city and flung body parts into the Kabul River, which was raging after days of rain. "The week before the bombing, we had no customers," he said. 經營這麼個小生意已經六年的努爾．哈克說：「這是我們可悲的現實：每當自殺炸彈爆炸過後，我們就接到更多生意。」 一個阿富汗精銳安全機構附近上個月發生巨大卡車爆炸事件後，一周之內哈克就有15個潛在客人上門。那次攻擊威力大到震碎了市內廣大範圍內的所有窗玻璃，並將死者屍塊震進了連日下雨後水流相當湍急的喀布爾河。 他說：「爆炸發生前的一星期裡，我們一個客人也沒有。」 Like most of the "complex attacks" in Kabul — which involve bombing a compound and then sending in fighters — last month's bombing was the work of the Haqqani network, an arm of the insurgency known for its urban assaults. The Haqqanis' growing integration into the mainstream Taliban, at a time when peace talks have collapsed, has heightened fears of more such attacks — and the blast walls are multiplying. The dull structures used to be mainly about 11 feet tall, but newer walls are as high as 20 feet, both to repel the force of larger explosions and to block the sightlines of any Taliban snipers. 所謂「複式攻擊」是指先以炸彈爆破建築群，再派戰士攻入。上月的爆炸案和喀布爾大多數複式攻擊案一樣，也是哈卡尼組織所為，而該組織是以城市攻擊聞名的叛亂團體的一支。值此和平談判崩潰之際，哈卡尼日益融入屬主流的神學士組織，已加深會有更多此類攻擊事件發生的恐懼情緒，防爆牆也不斷增多。 防爆牆這個單調的構造物從前大多高約11英尺，較新的牆則高可達20英尺，既以抵禦更大的爆炸，兼可阻擋所有神學士狙擊手的視線。 The blast walls have become such an integral part of Kabul's identity that they blend into the cityscape. Most residents have accepted the narrowing of the roads and roundabouts, the blocking of the views of iconic buildings, as facts of life. Activists and artists have tried to turn them into canvasses for their messages. One project in particular, ArtLords, is leaving its mark. The logic is simple: You cannot escape the walls, so you may as well use them to remind people about some of the scourges of society, like corruption so entrenched that it seems inescapable. 防爆牆已成為喀布爾身分中不可或缺的一部分，融入了城市景觀。大部分居民對道路變窄，必須繞路，以及觀看標誌性建築的視線遭到阻擋已逆來順受，當成生活中無法更改的現實。 活躍人士與藝術家嘗試將防爆牆變為傳遞訊息的畫布，特別是ArtLords這個計畫正在留下印記。其中的邏輯很簡單：你無法逃避這些牆，何不用它來提醒人們一些社會禍害，像是貪腐問題根深柢固到似乎無法避免。

•英國脫歐後 你不認識的新世界 墨比爾斯提醒投資者，英國脫歐後，短期之內市場恐慌難免，「新興市場一定也有動盪。」但在他看來，這個令世人大感意外的黑天鵝事件，反而可能為新興市場創造轉折點。 •夏日荷花花開燦爛，亭亭玉立好迷人 荷花和睡蓮並存的池塘，古樸橋廊蜿蜒其中，放眼望去，滿池的綠色荷葉舖滿，粉紅和白色的荷花亭亭玉立錯落荷池中，隨著晨風起伏搖曳生姿，令人佇足著迷。

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