 |  | The History of Weightlifting 『舉』起一片天 by William Ryan | Weightlifting competitions may have existed in some form for almost as long as human history.
某些形式的舉重比賽存在的時間可能和人類的歷史一樣久。 | The modern competitive▼ sport of weightlifting originated in 19th century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896. _(1)_ The first worldwide weightlifting championships▼ were held in London in 1891. At that time, there were no female competitors. Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year. _(2)_
Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to a bumpy start. It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event. _(3)_ The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all. The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904, this time as part of the athletics▼ program. Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its Olympic comeback. The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting's debut as a separate, distinct▼ event. _(4)_ Previously▼, weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other, regardless of their size. One-hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928. Various weightlifting exercises were added and subsequently removed over the decades until 1972. _(5)_ The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women's competition, although the IWF has held world weightlifting championships for women since 1987.
(A) The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event.
(B) The roots of the sport, however, can be traced back to ancient civilizations including China, Egypt, and Greece, when simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight.
(C) Field was the predecessor to Olympic track and field.
(D) The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form.
(E) The championships include 15 separate weight categories for both men and women.
 |  |  | | | |  | - 第一題空格應選 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提及 "The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896."（現代的舉重競技運動起源於十九世紀的歐洲，1896 年被納入首屆現代奧運的比賽項目中。），(B) 項的句子補充說明，"The roots of the sport, however, can be traced back to ancient civilizations including..."（然而，這項運動的起源可以追溯至包括……的古文明），後一句的 the sport（這項運動）指的即是前一句的 weightlifting（舉重），前後語意連貫，故形成關聯。
b. 根據上述，(B) 項應為正選。
大補丸:
a. be traced back to... 追溯到……
同: date back to...
This vase can be traced back to the 18th century.
這只花瓶可以追溯至十八世紀。
b. civilization n. 文明 - 第二題空格應選 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提及"Today, the World Weightlifting Championships, organized by the International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), are held every year."（時至今日，國際舉重總會每年都會舉辦世界舉重錦標賽。），而 (E) 項的句子提及 "The championships include 15 separate weight categories for both men and women."（這項錦標賽包含了男子組和女子組各有十五個不同的量級。），前後兩句皆提及 championships（錦標賽）一字且語意連貫，故形成關聯。
b. 根據上述，(E) 項應為正選。
大補丸:
category n. 項目，類別 - 第三題空格應選 (C)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提及 "It was not held as a separate event in the first games held in 1896, but as a field event."（1896 年的首屆奧運中，舉重並不是單項運動，而是作為田賽的項目之一（編按：田賽項目包括跳遠、跳高、鉛球及鐵餅等）。），而 (C) 項的句子提及 "Field was the predecessor to Olympic track and field."（田賽是奧運田徑賽的前身。），前後兩句皆提及 field（田賽）一字且語意連貫，故形成關聯。
b. 根據上述，(C) 項應為正選。
大補丸:
a. predecessor n. 前身；前任者
b. track and field 田徑賽 - 第四題空格應選 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提及 "The 1920 Olympic Games, held in Antwerp, Belgium, marked weightlifting's debut as a separate, distinct event."（1920 年於比利時安特衛普所舉行的奧運會中，舉重首次被列為一個獨立且有清楚分級的項目。），而 (A) 項的句子提及 "The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event."（安特衛普奧運也將單手舉重及不同的舉重量級引進到這個新的項目當中。），前後兩句皆提及 Antwerp（安特衛普）這個城市且語意連貫，故形成關聯。
b. 根據上述，(A) 項應為正選。
大補丸:
a. introduce vt. 引進，採用
This painting technique was first introduced to China 2,000 years ago.
這種繪畫技巧最早是在兩千年前引進中國。
b. division n. 分級；區分 - 第五題空格應選 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前一句提及 "Various weightlifting exercises were added and subsequently removed over the decades until 1972."（1972 年之前的數十年間，增加了各式各樣的舉重運動項目，而之後又被取消。），而 (D) 項的句子提及 "The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form."（1972 年的奧運會，舉重項目終於以今日的風貌呈現。），前後兩句皆提及 1972 年這個年份且語意連貫，故形成關聯。
b. 根據上述，(D) 項應為正選。 | | | |  | ▼ weightlifting n. 舉重
▼ competitive a. 競爭性的
▼ championship n. 錦標賽（常用複數）
▼ athletics n. 競賽，競技
▼ distinct a. 清楚的，明顯的
▼ previously adv. 先前 | |  | - originate in + 地方 源自於某地
- be required to V 必須要……
- be dropped from... 從……中刪除
| |  | - exist vi. 存在；生存
衍: existence n. 存在
Several rare species of plants exist on that small island.
若干稀有植物生長在那座小島上。
Professor Brown is skeptical of the existence of life on other planets.
布朗教授對其他星球有生物存在抱持著懷疑態度。
＊be skeptical of... 懷疑…… - bumpy a. 崎嶇不平的；顛簸的
Several passengers were injured during the bumpy flight.
有幾名乘客在顛簸的飛行途中受傷了。 - get off to a + 形容詞 + start 以……的狀況開始
The tennis player got off to a great start when he won his first few matches easily.
那名網球選手一開局就很順利，因為他前幾場比賽都
輕鬆獲勝。 - separate a. 獨立的，分開的
衍: separate vt. 使分離
separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分開
Carol and her husband slept in separate rooms last night because they had a fight.
昨天晚上卡蘿和丈夫分房睡，因為他們吵架了。
The mother tried to separate Bobby from his sister to stop their fight.
這名母親試圖要把巴比跟他姐姐分開，以阻止他們打架。 - make one's / a comeback 東山再起
You can make a comeback in life if you put your mind to it.
只要你全心投入，就可以東山再起。
＊put one's mind to... 致力於／專心於…… - debut n. 初次登場，首次上場
衍: make one's debut 某人初次登臺
Julie made her modeling debut at the fashion show last month.
上個月的服裝發表會是茱莉第一次登臺走秀。 - compete against sb 和某人比賽
衍: compete in... 參加……比賽
You shouldn't even try to compete against Robert because he's the best dancer in our class.
你甚至不該和羅伯特競爭，因為他是全班最優秀的舞者。
John is hoping to compete in the London marathon.
阿強期盼參加倫敦馬拉松比賽。 - regardless of... 不管／不論……
同: despite...
= in spite of...
Regardless of the way things turn out, I think you're a winner.
不管結果如何，我都認為你是贏家。 - subsequently adv. 後來；隨後
衍: subsequent a. 其後的，後來的
Stanley was arrested and subsequently sentenced to life in prison.
史丹利遭到逮捕，隨後被判無期徒刑。
＊be sentenced to life in prison 被判無期徒刑
Wendy won one spelling bee, but her subsequent tries have failed.
溫蒂贏過一次拼字比賽，但之後參賽都沒有得名。 | | | |
 | 『舉』起一片天
某些形式的舉重比賽存在的時間可能和人類的歷史一樣久。
現代的舉重競技運動起源於十九世紀的歐洲，1896 年被納入首屆現代奧運的比賽項目中。然而，這項運動的起源可以追溯至包括中國、埃及和希臘在內的古文明，當時會舉行簡單的競賽來看看誰能舉起最重的重量。第一屆世界舉重錦標賽是在 1891 年於倫敦舉行。當時並沒有女子舉重選手。時至今日，國際舉重總會每年都會舉辦世界舉重錦標賽。這項錦標賽包含了男子組和女子組各有十五個不同的量級。
舉重成為奧運比賽項目的過程相當崎嶇。1896 年的首屆奧運中，舉重並不是單項運動，而是作為田賽的項目之一（編按：田賽項目包括跳遠、跳高、鉛球及鐵餅等）。田賽是奧運田徑賽的前身。1900 年的奧運會完全沒有舉重項目出現。1904 年這項運動重返奧運，這次是作為競技項目的一部份。直到 1920 年舉重才在奧運當中東山再起（編按：1908 及 1912 年奧運因比賽規則不夠完善而導致無選手參加，故取消舉重項目，1916 年則是由於第一次世界大戰爆發而取消）。1920 年於比利時安特衛普所舉行的奧運會中，舉重首次被列為一個獨立且有清楚分級的項目。安特衛普奧運也將單手舉重及不同的舉重量級引進到這個新的項目當中。在此之前，所有奧運的舉重選手不分體型大小都必須要互相競爭。1928 年，單手舉重在這項運動當中被除名。1972 年之前的數十年間，增加了各式各樣的舉重運動項目，而之後又被取消。1972 年的奧運會，舉重項目終於以今日的風貌呈現。雖然國際舉重總會從 1987 年就開始舉辦女子組的舉重錦標賽，但人們直到 2000 年的雪梨奧運才見證了女子組比賽的引進。
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