2016年7月28日 星期四

Goodbye, Password. Banks Opt to Scan Fingers and Faces Instead/生物辨識篡位!銀行密碼掰掰


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2016/07/29 第133期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Goodbye, Password. Banks Opt to Scan Fingers and Faces Instead/生物辨識篡位!銀行密碼掰掰
A Rush for Books on Trump/如海嘯湧來 出版界搶搭川普熱
紐時周報精選
 
Goodbye, Password. Banks Opt to Scan Fingers and Faces Instead/生物辨識篡位!銀行密碼掰掰
Michael Corkery
譯/李京倫

The banking password may be about to expire — forever.

Some of the nation's largest banks, acknowledging that traditional passwords are either too cumbersome or no longer secure, are increasingly using fingerprints, facial scans and other types of biometrics to safeguard accounts.

銀行密碼可能要永遠絕跡了。

美國一些大銀行體認到傳統密碼不是太複雜就是不再安全,日益改採指紋、臉部掃描等生物辨識科技以確保帳戶安全。

Millions of customers at Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase and Wells Fargo routinely use fingerprints to log into their bank accounts through their mobile phones. This feature, which some of the largest banks have introduced in the last few months, is enabling a huge share of American banking customers to verify their identities with biometrics. And millions more are expected to opt in as more phones incorporate fingerprint scans.

Other uses of biometrics are also coming online. Wells Fargo lets some customers scan their eyes with their mobile phones to log into corporate accounts and wire millions of dollars. Citigroup can help verify 800,000 of its credit card customers by their voices. USAA, which provides insurance and banking services to members of the military and their families, identifies some of its customers through their facial contours.

美國銀行、摩根大通與富國銀行數百萬客戶慣常在手機上用指紋登入銀行帳戶。美國一些最大的銀行最近數月推出這個新功能,讓為數甚多的銀行客戶得以用生物特徵證明身分。隨著愈來愈多手機配備指紋掃描功能,預計還會有數百萬人加入這個行列。

其他運用生物辨識科技的方法也開始上場。富國銀行讓一些客戶用手機掃描自己的眼睛,以登入企業帳戶並電匯數百萬美元。花旗集團能藉由嗓音驗證80萬信用卡客戶的身分。聯合服務汽車協會為美國軍人及其眷屬提供保險與銀行服務,能透過臉部輪廓辨識某些客戶。

Some of the moves reflect concern that so many hundreds of millions of email addresses, phone numbers, Social Security numbers and other personal identifiers have fallen into the hands of criminals, rendering those identifiers increasingly ineffective at protecting accounts. And while thieves could eventually find ways to steal biometric data, banks are convinced they offer more protection.

"We believe the password is dying," said Tom Shaw, vice president for enterprise financial crimes management at USAA, which is based in San Antonio. "We realized we have to get away from personal identification information because of the growing number of data breaches."

這些舉動多少反映了一種憂慮,就是已經有那麼多億筆的電子郵件、手機號碼、社會安全碼等個人身分識別資料落入罪犯手中,讓這些個資保護帳戶的功效愈來愈小。雖然竊賊最終仍有可能找到偷取生物特徵資料的方法,但銀行都自認已提供更多保障。

聯合服務汽車協會主管企業金融犯罪管理的副總裁蕭歐說:「我們認為密碼正在沒落。由於資料外洩案例愈來愈多,我們體認到必須捨棄個人身分識別資料。」協會總部在德州聖安東尼奧市。

Long regarded as the stuff of science fiction, biometrics have been tested by big banks for decades, but have only recently become sufficiently accurate and cost effective to use in a big way. It has taken a great deal of trial and error: With many of the early prototypes, a facial scan could be foiled by bad lighting, and voice recognition could be scuttled by background noise or laryngitis.

Before smartphones became ubiquitous, there was an even bigger obstacle: To capture a finger image or scan an eyeball, a bank would have to pay to distribute the necessary technology to tens of millions of customers. A few tried, but their efforts were costly and short-lived.

生物識別科技向來被認為是科幻小說的玩意,大銀行已測試數十年,但直到最近才變得夠精準,且成本夠低、效益夠高而能大規模應用。這種科技的發展歷經大量嘗試錯誤的過程:許多早期的臉部掃描原型機可能會因照明欠佳而無法辨識,聲紋辨識機可能會因背景雜訊或辨識對象喉嚨發炎而辨識失敗。

在智慧手機變得十分普及之前,發展生物辨識科技更大的困難是:為了取得手指影像或掃描眼球,銀行必須花錢,才可讓幾千萬客戶能夠使用這種必備的科技。有幾家銀行試過,卻在投入鉅資之後短命收場。

 
A Rush for Books on Trump/如海嘯湧來 出版界搶搭川普熱
Alexandra Alter
譯/田思怡

On his bedroom wall, New Yorker writer Mark Singer has a framed, handwritten note from Donald Trump. "Mark, you are a total loser! And your book (and writings) sucks!" the note says.

Trump sent it after Singer published "Character Studies," a 2005 collection of his writing that included a less than flattering profile of Trump.

在他臥室的牆上,「紐約客」雜誌作家馬克.辛爾掛了一張裱了框的川普手寫字條,上面寫著:「馬克,你是個徹底的輸家!而且你的書(及文章)爛透了!」

在辛爾出版「性格研究」一書後,川普送來這張字條,這本2005年的作品集裡面有一篇對川普不太恭維的側寫。

Singer loved the letter so much that he not only framed it, but also decided to make it the sole blurb on the back cover of his new book, "Trump and Me," which will be published Tuesday. The book includes the original New Yorker profile, published in 1997, as well as Singer's dryly funny account of the real estate tycoon's response and a more sober chapter reflecting on Trump the candidate.

"People remembered this piece, for better or worse, and I did want to find a way to bring it back to life," Singer said. "The challenge was to reconcile this person that I observed in the late '90s with this iteration of him in the election."

辛爾很愛這封信,不只為它裱框,還決定把它當成即將於周二出版的新書「川普與我」封底的唯一推介語。這本書也收集了那篇原本刊於1997年「紐約客」雜誌的川普側寫,以及辛爾對這位地產大亨回應的冷幽默說明,以及一篇對於川普做為候選人的較嚴肅評述。

辛爾說:「人們記得這篇側寫,不論是好還是不好,而且我真的想要找個方法讓它復活。挑戰在於把我在1990年代末期觀察的這個人,與在這次選舉中再次出現的他連起來。」

Every election cycle brings a tsunami of political books from campaign reporters, pundits and candidates. (Trump's own manifesto, "Crippled America: How to Make America Great Again," has sold 235,000 hardcover copies in eight months, according to Nielsen.)

But this year is shaping up to be an exceptional one in terms of the sheer volume of writing devoted to Trump. Some publishers and writers are exhuming out-of-print Trump biographies published decades ago and slapping new covers and introductions on them. Others are rushing out new books that explore Trump's stunning political rise.

每個選舉周期有關選舉的書籍都會如海嘯般湧現,分別出自報導選戰的記者、學者專家和候選人之手。(根據尼爾森公司的數據,川普本人的宣言「跛腳美國:如何讓美國再度偉大」在8個月內賣出了23萬5000本精裝本。)

但是純就以川普為寫作主題的書籍的數量而言,今年正在變成很不一樣的一年。一些出版商和作者正在挖出幾十年前出版的已絕版的川普傳記,放上新的書皮和序。有些人則趕著出新書,探討川普令人震驚的政治崛起。

Still others are producing parodies, comic books and satires, including a faux thriller titled "The Day of the Donald," which takes place two years into a Trump presidency. There is also a mock children's book by comedian Michael Ian Black titled "A Child's First Book of Trump," and a collection from cartoonist Garry Trudeau called "Yuge!: 30 Years of Doonesbury on Trump." (And in a sign that no publishing niche has been left unexploited, there are more than a half-dozen Trump-themed adult coloring books. Also, a book of Trump paper dolls.)

另有些人正在生產詼諧的模仿文章、漫畫書和諷刺文章,包括一本偽驚悚小說「唐納(川普)時代」,發生在川普當總統的兩年後。還有一本由喜劇演員麥可伊恩布萊克出版的模仿童書,書名為「孩子第一本有關川普的書」,以及一本漫畫家蓋瑞.特魯多的選集,稱為「巨大!杜尼斯伯里的川普30年選集(譯注:川普把huge發音成yuge,Doonesbury是特魯多的著名連環漫畫)」。(而且跡象顯示已沒有任何出版利基市場還沒有被利用,已有超過6本以川普為主題的成人塗色書。還有一本川普紙娃娃書。)

 
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