2014年6月26日 星期四

日本茶道The Japanese Tea Ceremony


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日本茶道 The Japanese Tea Ceremony

You may already know that the Japanese have a special way of preparing green tea known as the Japanese tea ceremony. The tea ceremony is very complicated, and it requires several years of practice to perform it correctly. Even so, it is very popular in Japan and has become an important part of Japanese culture.

The history of the tea ceremony began when tea was first brought to Japan from China in the ninth century. Three centuries later, two major events important to the evolution of the ceremony happened: Zen Buddhism was introduced to Japan and matcha (powdered green tea) became very popular. In the beginning, the preparation of matcha was a ritual performed at Zen temples. The drink was believed to have health benefits and was known to help monks stay awake during long periods of meditation. Over the years, the tea ceremony became more and more popular amongst the rich and eventually came to be practiced within all social classes.

Today, many high schools and universities have tea clubs, and there are a variety of courses available for those interested in learning the history and practice of the tea ceremony. Courses range from teaching very traditional Zen-like practice to modern courses that help people integrate the tea ceremony into their private or office life. New students usually start learning by observing advanced students.

There are typically three stages to learning the tea ceremony. First, students learn how to properly open and close the sliding doors and walk on the tatami mat. Next, they learn how to clean the tea equipment and care for all the tools. Finally, after mastering these skills, students learn the tea preparation itself. Although it may sound simple, it takes years of study and plenty of expensive classes to become an expert!

你可能已經知道日本人煮綠茶有一套特別的做法,稱為「日本茶道」。茶道的程序複雜,要有好幾年的實作才能拿捏正確。儘管如此,茶道在日本很受歡迎,並已成為日本文化重要的一環。

西元九世紀時,茶葉開始由中國傳至日本,茶道的歷史於焉開始。三百年後,有兩個重要事件導致茶道儀式的演變:「禪宗」引進日本,以及「抹茶」(研磨的綠茶粉末)的大受歡迎。一開始,禪宗寺廟準備抹茶的程序,就是一種禮法。當時的人們認為這種飲品有益健康,並能幫助僧侶於長時間的冥想保持清醒。經過多 年,茶道受到越來越多富貴人家的青睞,最後在社會各階層大行其道。

如今,許多高中和大學都有茶道社團,一般民眾若有興趣學習茶道及其歷史,現在也有各種課程。課程範圍包括類似禪宗做法的傳統茶道,還有幫助人們將茶道融入自己私人,或辦公室生活的現代課程,在課程中初學者通常會先觀摩進階學員的做法。

基本上學習茶道有三階段,第一,學生要學習如何正確打開和關閉拉門,以及在榻榻米上行走。下一步,他們要學會如何清潔茶具,並細心整理所有工具。最後,學生在掌握這些技能之後,才會真正學習煮茶。聽起來好像很簡單,不過學習茶道需要多年的努力,並付出昂貴的學費,才能成為專家!

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