2015年4月17日 星期五

Silicon Valley Drains Wall Street’s Brains/華爾街人才流向矽谷 「聰明人知道怎麼選」


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2015/04/17 第68期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Silicon Valley Drains Wall Street's Brains/華爾街人才流向矽谷 「聰明人知道怎麼選」
YouTube Sensation Turns to Novels/陽光女孩撞邪 爆紅影片改編小說、電視
紐時周報精選
 
Silicon Valley Drains Wall Street's Brains/華爾街人才流向矽谷 「聰明人知道怎麼選」
王麗娟/譯
One of the country's largest banks, Morgan Stanley, is losing its chief financial officer to Google in the most visible example yet of the flow of talent from Wall Street to Silicon Valley.

美國銀行業巨擘摩根士丹利的財務長即將跳槽到谷歌,這是華爾街人才流向矽谷迄今最鮮明的例證。

Ruth Porat, Morgan Stanley's chief financial officer since 2010, has been one of the most powerful women in a financial industry that has struggled to promote and hold on to its female executives. She is going to Silicon Valley while it is facing its own issues about gender balance. Ms. Porat, 57, will be the first woman in Google's senior ranks .

在努力提拔和留住女高管的金融業中,2010年開始擔任摩根士丹利財務長的露絲.波拉特是最具影響力的女性之一。她將跳槽目前正面臨兩性平衡問題的矽谷。57歲的波拉特將是谷歌高管階層的首位女性。

She is following in the steps of other big names from the bastions of East Coast power who have recently decamped to the ascendant technology industry on the West Coast. The former White House spokesman Jay Carney said last month that he was joining Amazon. com, and the former Obama aide David Plouffe joined Uber last year.

波拉特正跟隨一些大名鼎鼎人物的腳步,這些人最近從東岸的權力堡壘拔營,轉投效西岸欣欣向榮的科技業。上月,前白宮發言人傑伊.卡尼說他即將加入亞馬遜;美國總統歐巴馬前助理大衛.普洛夫1年前投入「優步」行列。

But Silicon Valley has been drawing much of its most valuable new talent from Wall Street. A top banker at Goldman Sachs, Anthony J. Noto, moved west last year to become the chief financial officer at Twitter.

不過,吸引華爾街最有價值新人才最多的是矽谷。去年,高盛集團高管安東尼.J.諾托跳槽到西岸擔任推特的財務長。

Less than a decade ago, Wall Street firms were the premier destination for young college graduates and talented executives. More recently, the financial industry has been struggling to keep growing as it faces a raft of new regulations and a lack of public confidence as a result of the financial crisis.

不到10年前,年輕大學畢業生和有才幹的高管都把華爾街當成首選去處。而直到最近,金融業一直是勉強維持成長,除了須應付一系列監管新規,還得面對因為金融危機而流失的大眾信心。

Silicon Valley, on the other hand, is experiencing a period of blockbuster growth that has created dozens of billion-dollar start-ups practically overnight.

反觀矽谷正經歷一段強勁成長期,幾乎一夕間即創造出數十家價值10億美元的新興公司。

Silicon Valley office building 。圖片來源/ingimage

"Smart people go to where they feel there is the most growth," said Robert Reffkin, who left Goldman in 2012 after seven years to found a real estate start-up, Compass .

羅伯.雷夫金在高盛任職7年後於2012年離職,創立房地產新興公司「羅盤」。他說:「聰明人都會前往他們覺得會有最大成長的地方。」

At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a top source of young recruits, only 10 percent of graduates went into finance in 2014, compared with the 31 percent who took jobs on Wall Street in 2006, before the financial crisis. Software companies, meanwhile, hired 28 percent of M.I.T. graduates in 2014, compared with 10 percent in 2006.

新血的首要來源之一麻省理工學院,2014年僅10%畢業生投入金融業,金融危機爆發前的2006年則有31%在華爾街入列。與此同時,2014年軟體業共聘用了麻省理工學院28%的畢業生,2006年只有10%。

Similar trends have been evident at the other top training grounds that have long fed the upper ranks of Wall Street. At Harvard Business School, for example, the percentage of graduates going into finance dropped to 33 percent last year from 42 percent in 2006, while the numbers going into technology jumped to 17 percent from 7 percent.

長期以來為華爾街提供高層人才的其他頂尖訓練場,也明顯出現類似趨勢。以哈佛商學院為例,去年進入金融業的畢業生從2006年的42%降至33%,進入科技領域的則從7%增至17%。

Yet Wall Street remains the top destination at many business schools . Last summer, Morgan Stanley had 90,000 applicants for roughly 1,000 summer jobs.

然而華爾街仍是許多商學院的首選目的地。去夏,摩根士丹利提供的約1000個暑期工作有9萬人應徵。

In the last few years, Silicon Valley has strengthened its case as the new center of economic gravity in the United States. Companies like Google and Apple have grown rapidly at the same time that start-ups like Uber and Twitter have flourished.

但過去幾年,矽谷強化了它作為美國經濟重力新中心的理由。谷歌和蘋果快速成長,同一時間,優步和推特等新興公司也日益茁壯。

Mr. Reffkin said that when he was at Goldman, as chief of staff to the bank's president, "it became clear that we are in the middle of a software revolution."

雷夫金說,他在高盛擔任總裁的幕僚長時,「明顯意識到,我們正處在軟體革命浪潮中。」

The economic strength of the technology industry adds to the lifestyle differences — including a relaxed dress code, better weather and a more freewheeling culture — that have long attracted young employees to start-ups.

科技業的經濟實力,加上生活方式的差異,包括輕鬆的穿著、更好的工作氛圍和更無拘無束的文化,長久以來不斷吸引年輕工作者前往加入新興公司。

The most noticeable departures from Wall Street have been the high-level banking executives like Ms. Porat and Mr. Noto . But the more troubling trend for banks is the lower-ranking programmers who are opting to head west at a time when banks are more dependent than ever on software and technology.

華爾街最引人注目的離職,是像波拉特和諾托這樣的銀行高管。但讓銀行更感不安的的趨勢是,在銀行比以往任何時候都更依賴軟體和技術之際,一些較低階的程式設計師也選擇了西進。

The start-ups, meanwhile, are not just stealing talent from Wall Street. Many are also trying to build companies like the payment processors Square and Stripe, which could siphon business from the financial industry.

這些新興公司不只從華爾街偷走人才。它們當中有許多還嘗試設立類似「廣場和條紋」這樣的支付處理公司,可能會搶走金融業的生意。

As the movement between industries has taken hold, it has often built on itself. When Marissa Mayer became Yahoo's chief executive in 2012, she hired Jacqueline D. Reses, a former Goldman banker, as the company's chief development officer. Ms. Reses' job, in essence, was to help Yahoo recruit new talent and to find promising companies to buy and team up with.

兩個行業之間的移動生根後,往往也開始茁壯。瑪麗莎.梅爾2012年成為雅虎執行長時,聘請前高盛金融家賈桂琳.D.雷塞斯為公司的開發長。基本上,雷塞斯負責協助雅虎招募新血,以及尋找有前景的公司購併與合作。

She has led Yahoo's dozens of acquisitions, including the $1.1 billion purchase of Tumblr and the $640 million purchase of Brightroll.

她領導雅虎從事數十筆的購併,包括以11億美元收購部落格Tumblr和以6.4億美元收購全球最大的影音廣告交易平台Brightroll。

Ms. Reses said, "I have hired people out of Wall Street, primarily because it was a peer group that I was very familiar with."

雷塞斯說:「我從華爾街挖角,主要因為它是我非常熟悉的同儕團體。」

 
YouTube Sensation Turns to Novels/陽光女孩撞邪 爆紅影片改編小說、電視
張佑生/譯
Nearly five years ago, a n animated 16-year-old named Paige McKenzie uploaded a video to YouTube. " I know this is a little strange," she says, adding that her house is haunted and she aims to capture the ghost on camera.

差不多在五年前,16歲活潑少女佩姬.麥肯錫上傳一段影像到YouTube。她說:「我知道這有點奇怪」,還說她家鬧鬼,她要把鬼給拍下來。

More than 130 million views later, Ms. McKenzie's web series, "The Haunting of Sunshine Girl," has become her job. Ms. McKenzie said she spends 80 hours a week shooting, acting in and editing the show, and trading messages with viewers.

瀏覽次數超過1.3億次後,麥肯錫的網站系列《陽光女孩撞邪記》變成工作。麥肯錫說自己每周花80小時拍攝、演出和剪輯節目,並且和觀眾交換消息。

"Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, Snapchat, Tumblr, Google Plus, YouTube, Meerkat, the occasional smoke signals, you know," she sa id when asked how she keeps in touch with her fans. "The interaction is key. I'm accessible. My life is on YouTube."

「推特、臉書、Instagram、Pinterest、Snapchat、Tumblr、Google Plus 、YouTube、Meerkat,各種風吹草動,你知道的,」她回答如何和粉絲保持聯繫的時候說:「關鍵在於互動。我很好找。我在YouTube上面過日子。」

圖擷自The Haunting of Sunshine Girl Network

Now, in an inversion of the usual page-to-screen adaptation process, Ms. McKenzie is turning her show into a series of young adult novels. The story follows a teenage heroine , Sunshine Griffith, as she investigates a spirit haunting her house and tries to rescue her mother from demonic possession. The first book, "The Haunting of Sunshine Girl," was published last month by Weinstein Books, with endorsements from the author R. L. Stine and the filmmaker Wes Craven.

現在,常見的小說改編成電影模式反其道而行,麥肯錫正把自己的節目改編成青少年小說。故事主人翁是一名勇敢的青少女陽光.葛瑞菲斯,調查家裡鬧鬼並試圖從惡靈魔掌中救出母親。第一冊《陽光女孩撞邪記》上個月由溫斯坦出版社發行,獲得作家史丹和導演魏斯克萊文的推介。

"Sunshine Girl," written with a collaborator, is the latest literary adaptation to emerge from YouTube . Publishers have also released "The Pointless Book," by Alfie Deyes; "Girl Online," by Zoe Sugg; and "Grace's Guide," by Grace Helbig. So far, t he results have been mixed. "Epic Meal Time," a cookbook based on a YouTube show with more than 6.7 million subscribers, has sold just 2,192 copies .

與另一個人共同寫作的《陽光女孩》是改編自YouTube的最新文學作品。出版商還發行了艾菲.戴伊斯的《無意義之書》、柔伊.薩格的《女孩上線》和葛蕾絲.海畢格的《葛蕾絲的指南》。到目前為止,成果不一。《史詩型用餐時間》在YouTube擁有670萬名訂戶,改編成烹飪書只賣出2,192本。

"I'm holding my breath," said Jennifer Bergstrom of Gallery Books, which will publish a book by the YouTube comedian Miranda Sings this July. "The concept of people watching videos and wanting to buy the book, I question whether that's going to be a natural progression."

藝廊出版社今年七月將發行YouTube諧星米蘭達.辛斯的作品,出版社發行人珍妮佛.柏格斯壯說:「我正屏息以待。人們看了影片後會想去買書來看的這個概念,我懷疑會這樣順理成章發展。」

Weinstein Books is aiming one marketing campaign at Ms. McKenzie's YouTube audience, and another at the potential readers who have not heard of her.

溫斯坦出版社的行銷策略之一是鎖定麥肯錫的YouTube觀眾,另一策略則瞄準沒聽過麥肯錫的潛在讀者。

A television show — based on the novel based on the YouTube show — is in production at the Weinstein Company, and Ms. McKenzie's contract locks her in as the star.

根據改編自YouTube節目的小說而打造的電視節目,正由溫斯坦影業製拍,並且和麥肯錫簽約當主角。

The project started in 2010 when a film producer, Nick Hagen, contacted Mercedes Rose, Ms. McKenzie's mother, who is an actress and voiceover artist, about collaborating on a YouTube show. Ms. Rose, her daughter and Mr. Hagen formed a production company, Coat Tale Productions. They quickly learned tricks for luring in viewers, like posting warnings on the videos that say "Don't Watch!" Rumors swirled that the ghostly apparitions were real. Nearly a year later, the videos passed five million views. The show now brings in around $6,000 a month in advertising.

整個計畫始於2010年,電影製片尼克.海根找上本身是演員兼配音員的麥肯錫母親梅西迪絲、羅斯,洽談聯手製作YouTube節目事宜。羅斯與女兒及海根合組Coat Tale製作公司。他們很快就學會了吸引觀眾的撇步,像是在影片上張貼「別看!」的警語。有關鬼影是真的的傳言四散。大約一年後,影片點閱次數超過五千萬。節目現在每個月帶進六千美元廣告收入。

Now 20 and living outside of Portland, Oregon, Ms. McKenzie says Sunshine's character is "99.8 percent" based on her.

麥肯錫現在已經20歲,住在俄勒岡州波特蘭市郊,表示「陽光」一角有「99.8%」來自她本人。

She spent much of her adolescence in front of the camera. When she was harassed at school, she spoke about it on camera. She griped about her wheat allergy and her frizzy hair. "I pretty much grew up on YouTube," she said.

麥肯錫的青少年時期大部分時間在鏡頭前度過。在學校被騷擾,她在鏡頭前談論;她還抱怨自己對小麥過敏及頭髮鬈曲。她說:「我可說是在YouTube長大的」。

In 2013, the literary agent Mollie Glick paired Ms. McKenzie with a young adult novelist, Alyssa B. Sheinmel, who wrote sample chapters and an outline. A book deal quickly followed. Last spring, Weinstein bought a partial manuscript — in a two-book deal for something more than $100,000 — and separately optioned screen rights. The company recently bought a third book.

2013年,文學經紀人茉莉.葛利克讓麥肯錫與青少年小說家艾莉莎.項梅搭檔,後者寫樣章和概要。出書合約很快就上門。去年春季,溫斯坦影業買下還沒完成的手稿,簽下兩本書的合約,價值超過十萬美元,以及拍成電影的版權。公司最近買下第三冊。

When asked about her writing process, Ms. McKenzie readily acknowledged that Ms. Sheinmel did the bulk of the writing.

被問到寫作過程時,麥肯錫很快承認書的大部分出自項梅之手。

"I can't do this by myself, are you crazy?" Ms. McKenzie said. "I've never written a book. I don't know how to do that."

麥肯錫說:「這事我沒法一個人做,你瘋了不成?我從來沒寫過書。我也不知道該怎麼寫書。」

 
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