2014年12月26日 星期五

Hong Kong Recast As Hub of Creativity/香港要轉型為創意中心


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2014/12/26 第53期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
編輯小語 Sweden's Storybook Heroine Ignites a Debate on Race/《長襪子皮皮》女主角引發種族辯論
紐時周報精選 Hong Kong Recast As Hub of Creativity/香港要轉型為創意中心
編輯小語
 
Sweden's Storybook Heroine Ignites a Debate on Race/《長襪子皮皮》女主角引發種族辯論
By RACHEL DONADIO╱王麗娟譯
Since she burst onto the scene in 1945 with her mismatched socks, abundant freckles and two red braids sticking straight out of her head, Pippi Longstocking, a rambunctious, joyful girl strong enough to lift horses, has become a touchstone for generations of children who have read her in 65 languages .

她腳穿兩隻不搭的襪子、滿臉雀斑、梳著兩根向外直直伸出的紅髮辮。1945年突然冒出頭,這個很失控、力大到可以扛起馬匹的開心果女孩「長襪子皮皮」,如今已是數個世代兒童的試金石,這些兒童透過65種語言閱讀「長襪子皮皮」。

In Sweden, Pippi is something more: a national treasure and embodiment of the country's egalitarian spirit. So when the Swedish national broadcaster announced this fall that it would edit two scenes that it considered offensive in a 1969 television series about Pippi — including one in which she says her father is "king of the Negroes," using a Swedish word now viewed as a racial slur — it caused an uproar.

在瑞典,皮皮的意義不僅止於此,她是國寶,還是瑞典平等精神的化身。因此,瑞典國家電視台今秋宣布計畫將1969年皮皮電視劇集中,他們認為涉及種族汙蔑的兩個場景加以修改時,隨即引發軒然大波。兩個場景之一是皮皮說她的父親是「黑人之王」時,使用了現在視為種族汙蔑的一個瑞典字眼。

The series was based on the Pippi Longstocking books by Astrid Lindgren, the first of which were published between 1945 and 1948. Defenders of the decision, including the heirs of Ms. Lindgren, who died in 2002, said the change respected the spirit of the author. Even in 1970, she had called the term outdated and said she had not meant to offend.

該劇根據艾絲翠.林德格倫的《長襪子皮皮》童書改編,第一冊發表於1945至1948年間。這項決定的捍衛者,包括2002年去世的林德格倫的繼承人認為,這些修改尊重作者的精神。早在1970年,林德格倫就說這個用詞已不合時宜,還說她從無意冒犯任何人。

But many others — including tens of thousands of people who answered a Facebook poll on the website of Sweden's largest daily newspaper this fall — said they opposed the revision .

然而也有許多人反對,包括今秋在瑞典最大日報網站上以臉書答覆一項民調的數萬網民。

Coming just weeks after a hard-right party with skinhead roots won an unprecedented 13 percent of the vote in national elections, and following other controversies over caricatures in children's books, the Pippi controversy has tapped into a growing and often uncomfortable debate. It concerns ethnicity in a country that prides itself on its egalitarianism but in which ethnic minorities, a small percentage of the country's nine million people, have only begun to have a voice.

事情發生的幾周前,一個有光頭族淵源的強硬右派政黨剛在全國大選中拿下空前的13%選票,一些童書中的諷刺漫畫也才惹起若干爭議,皮皮引發的爭論只是為日益增多且常令人反感的辯論再添一筆。它涉及種族,而瑞典又是個以平等主義自詡,少數民族卻剛開始發聲的國家。瑞典的少數民族僅占900萬人口極小百分比。

"When it comes to feminism, we're better; when it comes to racism, we're behind," said the Swedish playwright and novelist Jonas Hassen Khemiri .

瑞典劇作家兼小說家凱密里說:「在女性主義方面,我們優於其他國家;在種族主義上,我們則落後。」

Mr. Khemiri said that in an increasingly globalized world — and after the country had taken in hundreds of thousands of immigrants and asylum seekers in recent years — some Swedes were using Pippi to hold on to a traditional idea of Swedishness.

凱密里說,世界日益全球化,瑞典近幾年又接納了數十萬移民和尋求庇護者,一些瑞典人正試圖透過皮皮保存傳統況味的瑞典。

"The few things that are Swedish have become a battlefield where people are trying to defend their fantasies of that nation," he said. "It's very hard to defend this naive idea of an authentic, simple past ."

他說:「代表瑞典傳統的幾件事物,現在成了戰場,人們試圖捍衛他們對以前那個國家的幻想。捍衛關於原汁原味、單純過去的這個天真想法,其實非常困難。」

Nils Nyman, the head of the family company that oversees the lucrative rights to Ms. Lindgren's work, said that not making the changes risked distracting from the books' broader message of "girl power before it was known" as such.

林德格倫作品的著作權價值不菲,由一個家族公司管理,負責人尼曼說,這些童書「在大家還不知道什麼是女力時,傳達了女力的訊息」,不做修改可能減損它的效果。

In one scene, the racial slur has been removed so that Pippi now says, "My father is the king!" In the second, Pippi no longer pulls her eyelids upward, pretending to be Asian, yet still sings a mock Chinese song.

前述兩個場景中的一個,刪除了種族汙蔑字眼後,皮皮說的話變成「我的父親是國王!」在另一個場景中,皮皮不再將眼皮向上翻,假裝亞洲人,但仍然唱了首模仿中國歌的歌曲。

Baker Karim, an Afro-Swedish film director , summarized the debate as one in which Swedes said: " 'We're not racist! So could we just keep these racist stereotypes alive because we're not racist?' "

非洲裔瑞典電影導演卡里姆以瑞典人的如下說法為這項辯論作結:「我們不是種族主義者!既然我們不是種族主義者,何不就讓我們把這些種族主義刻板印象保留下來?」

 
紐時周報精選
 
Hong Kong Recast As Hub of Creativity/香港要轉型為創意中心
By DANIELLE BELOPOTOSKY╱陳世欽
When Candace Campos moved from the United States to Hong Kong six years ago, she encountered few hurdles to opening her own interior design company.

康妲絲.坎波斯6年前自美國搬到香港時,設立她的室內設計公司,過程順利。

She started small, transforming her 70-square-meter home from a gutted commercial rental into a bright living space styled like a New York loft. A 2008 cover piece featuring her apartment in the Hong Kong magazine Home Journal drew interest from expatriates who wanted to bring Western aesthetics into their Hong Kong homes.

她從小處著手,把她的70平方公尺住家從破舊出租商辦空間,變成有如紐約閣樓的明亮居住空間。香港「美好家居」雜誌2008年以她的公寓為封面,立刻引起旅港外籍人士的興趣。他們想把西式的美學元素融入自己的香港住處。

"The idea of leaving pipes exposed, beams and columns raw, and floors as concrete was not a design aesthetic found in Hong Kong," said Ms. Campos, 34. "So it was easy to stand apart from other designers."

34歲的坎波斯說:「管子外露、樑柱不多加修飾處理、地上鋪水泥,在香港看不到這樣的設計美學概念。因此,你很容易與其他設計師區隔。」

Her company, ID Interiors & Identity Design, has produced designs for restaurants like the Michelin-starred Tate Dining Room & Bar . Ms. Campos said the absence of homegrown talent has given her an advantage. Her biggest competition, she noted, comes from other expatriates .

她的ID室內裝潢及形象設計公司已經為一些餐廳做了設計,包括中環米其林級的泰特餐廳。坎波斯說,香港缺少本土人才使她占有優勢。她最主要的競爭來自其他外籍人士。

But Hong Kong, known more for its cargo ports and financial sector than for a vibrant cultural or creative scene, is working to move past an economy based on manufacturing and reproduction of goods to one based on innovation, branding and design, said Stanley Chu, 64, of the Adsale Group, which organizes international trade shows in Asia.

香港以它的貨物港口及金融業聞名,有活力的文化或創意領域相對乏善可陳。雅式集團專門在亞洲各地籌辦國際商展,64歲的董事長兼創辦人朱裕倫表示,香港正致力將經濟基礎由貨品製造及再生產,轉向創意、品牌及設計。

In 2009, the government established CreateHK, an office dedicated to developing creative industries, which broadly include advertising, architecture, design, cultural heritage, the performing arts and film.

2009年,香港政府設立「創意香港」辦公室,負責開發各種創意產業,涵蓋廣告、建築、設計、文化遺產、表演藝術與電影。

The office has also worked with the local educational system, from primary schools to colleges, to develop curriculums for teaching film, animation and architecture.

該辦公室還與從小學到大學的當地教育系統合作,開發電影、動畫與建築的教學內容。

The initiatives are starting to pay off. The contribution of the creative industries to the territory's gross domestic product increased to 4.9 percent in 2012 from 3.9 percent in 2007, according to the Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department — about 97.8 billion Hong Kong dollars, or $12.6 billion. The number of people employed in those fields also increased by 20,000 from 2007 to 2012, to 200,370.

這項構想已經開始展現成果。香港政府統計處指出,創意產業占香港GDP的比重已由2007年的3.9%增至2012年的4.9%,總額約978億港幣(約126億美元),雇用的人力則於2007至2012年之間增加2萬人,來到20萬零370人。

The former Police Married Quarters, barracks from the colonial era, were transformed under a conservation plan. The site, now known as PMQ, opened in April and now houses studios for more than 100 entrepreneurs in the creative industries, many of whom are product and fashion designers. It holds workshops on marketing and branding and has received more than 1.5 million visitors since it opened.

建於英國殖民時期的前荷李活道已婚警察宿舍根據一項保存計畫改建。它現在改名為「元創方」,今年4月啟用,已有100多名創意產業的創業家進駐,其中許多人是產品與時裝設計師。它經常舉辦有關行銷與品牌包裝的研討會,開張至今造訪人次已超過150萬。

Executives in creative fields say that although the local talent pool may be deepening, customers' views on creative work can remain stuck in the past.

創意領域的主管們表示,雖然本地人才可能不斷增加,顧客對創意產品的看法卻可能還停留在過去。

The Savannah College of Art and Design, an American university, is joining other efforts to bring credibility to the creative fields in the territory, said Robert Dickensheets, the college's vice president in Hong Kong. It opened its Hong Kong campus in 2010. Enrollment increased to 600 in this year's incoming class from 141 in 2010.

美國薩凡納藝術設計學院香港分校副校長迪根希茲表示,該校正與其他方面合作,試圖為香港的創意領域建立信譽。該校2010年設立香港分校,入學人數已由2010年的141人增至今年的600人。

Lucia Ho, 21, who attended the university, works full time for Peninsula Merchandising Limited, which produces merchandise for the Peninsula hotel chain. She helped design the packaging for the hotel's mooncakes. She noted that of the 13 graphic design majors in the school's first class, 11 had job offers before graduation in June.

半島商品有限公司為半島連鎖酒店生產商品,該校的21歲學生露絲亞.何是其全職員工。她協助設計該酒店的月餅包裝。她說,在該校第一年主修平面造型設計的13名學生中,11人6月畢業前即有工作上門。

As more people like her find work in the nascent creative industries, they will begin to change the general perception of such work in Hong Kong, Mr. Dickensheets said.

迪根希茲說,隨著像她這樣的更多人才在新興的創意產業找到工作,他們將開始改變社會大眾對這種工作的看法。

The long-term goal for Hong Kong, he said, is to create a culture in which "the designer can be valued as much as a banker."

他說,香港的長期目標是,創造一種「設計師受到尊重的程度與銀行家相當」的文化。

 
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